Breakthrough Technology in the Application of Dry Vibratables for Zinc and Aluminum Induction Melting
Over the last decade the use of dry vibratable refractories in channel furnace inductors and in coreless induction furnaces melting and holding zinc and aluminum based alloys has increased.  The primary advantages of dry vibratables over refractory castables and wet rams in these applications include ease of installation, shorter turnaround time and a reduction in moisture related failures.  Cracking due to moisture related shrinkage, thermal cycling and mechanical damage are common failure modes among refractories in these applications.  This paper will discuss successful case studies whereby a unique approach has been taken to improve both the fracture toughness and impact resistance vibratable in such applications.  This patent pending technology has substantially extended the refractory life in both small and large (>7 tonnes) coreless furnaces, as well as inductors.
Introduction
The use of dry vibratable refractories as metal contact linings in coreless induction furnaces is well known.  Dry vibratable refractories have traditionally found success in this application due to their ease of installation and short turnaround time.  One weakness which can also be identified as typical of most ceramics, including dry vibratables, is their brittle nature of failure. Brittle failure is particularly problematic during low temperature metal alloy production of zinc, galvalume and aluminum alloys. Imparting greater fracture toughness and resistance to mechanical abuse is of great value in these circumstances because it provides an opportunity to extend refractory lining life.
Dry vibratable use in iron or copper inductors is common place.  A move to apply dry vibratables to zinc or aluminum inductors has been a difficult challenge. Concerns regarding the application of dry vibratables to these metals and their alloys have included the potential for saturation by low viscosity molten alloys, providing adequate hot face strength development at low temperatures, having sufficient non-wetting properties, and finally, simply not being a traditional application in the marketplace. Each of these property concerns is resolvable through proper product design, for example, optimum particle sizing, minimum porosity, appropriate raw materials selection and addition of appropriate non-wetting agents.  Due to traditional failure modes in these applications, the benefits of dry vibratable technology are clearly part of the solution.
Refractory Materials and Non-oxide Materials
The research group has long traditions in research on refractory oxide materials and non-oxide materials such as AlN, SiC, Si3N4 and TiB2
The activity on refractory materials has been focused on applications in electrolysis, metal handling, metal machining, structural ceramics and mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of AlN heat sings and Si3N4 bonded SiC materials. Studies of degradation mechanisms of oxide and non-oxide materials refractory materials in aluminum electrolysis cells has been a major activity, including finite element method simulations of diffusion of Na and thermal and chemical induced strain in cathode linings. This research, which has been conducted in collaboration with SINTEF Materials and Chemistry and Norwegian industry (Hydro Aluminium, S?r-Al and Elkem carbon), is currently focused on the degradation of carbon cathode materials. The main objective is to understand the cathode wear related to the formation of Al4C3 and Na diffusion in carbon materials. Two recent new activities in this field are the development of liquid phase sintered porous alumina ceramics and preparation and properties of thermal barrier coatings. Both these activities have also a strong component of ceramic processing.

Taurus Refractory ramming mass Factory mainly engaged in professional manufacturer of development, production and sales of the refractory mixture such as melting copper, aluminum and zinc furnace lining. And supply castable refractory for copper smelting, ramming mass for molten copper,fire clay,refractory mortar, refractory cement ,refractory mixture, refractory concrete and silica sand for copper smelting.
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